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The Bullish Group and related parties engage in a range of businesses that may involve: trading their own assets on the Bullish exchange or elsewhere; holding or owning digital assets or fiat currencies or derivatives contracts traded on or off of the Bullish exchange; and participating in or performing other services and transactions on the Bullish exchange or that relate to activity on the Bullish exchange. In addition, the Bullish Group from time to time may enter into arrangements with digital asset issuers, sponsors and/or other third parties that may result in a direct or indirect benefit, such as promotion or trading fees or other benefits, to the Bullish Group, including the operators of the Bullish exchange.  The scope of any such arrangement may include, for example, listing a digital asset or a pair that includes that digital asset, ensuring liquidity in a particular digital asset market, providing other services in relation to a digital asset or receiving rewards for holding particular assets on the Bullish exchange. The Bullish Group and related parties may also make investments in issuers of digital currencies that trade on the Bullish Exchange; companies that develop the protocols or technologies on which digital assets traded on the Bullish exchange may rely; or companies that are active in ecosystems that may benefit from the trading of particular digital currencies on the Bullish exchange. The Bullish exchange has policies in place to manage conflicts of interest.

ETHLend, which rebranded to Aave, was founded by Stani Kulechov as a decentralized peer-to-peer lending platform on Ethereum. In January 2020, Aave transitioned from peer-to-peer lending to a liquidity pool lending model. Since 2020, Aave has expanded to deploy contracts on other platforms such as Optimism, Polygon, and Avalanche.

Launched in November 2017 as ETHLend, Aave rebranded in September 2018. The AAVE native token originally named LEND launched in October 2020.

Aave connects crypto borrowers with lenders directly so that they don't have to go through a middleman. As described in Aave’s whitepaper, to lend cryptocurrencies, lenders lock up their funds into a liquidity pool. That pool is secured by a smart contract which helps match lenders with borrowers without requiring a middleman. The liquidity pools can be used for flash loans where users don’t require collateral but borrowers need to repay their loan in the same transaction.

Whitepaper

Aave Website

CoinDesk

Cardano was founded in 2015 by Charles Hoskinson.Today, three separate entities oversee the development of Cardano as it moves toward becoming a completely decentralized project with the goal of becoming the most environmentally sustainable blockchain platform: IOG (Input Output Global): Formerly known as IOHK (Input Output Hong Kong), IOG is responsible for the technological development of the Cardano platform. Charles Hoskinson, who was one of Ethereum co-founders, stands as the company’s CEO and co-founder. Cardano Foundation: Tasked with marketing, forming partnerships and expanding the global presence of the platform. Emurgo: Helps fund developers, enterprises and startups looking to contribute to the Cardano ecosystem.

Cardano launched in September 2017 building on top of first and second generation blockchain technologies. On March 1, 2021, the Cardano blockchain introduced the ability to create native tokens (ADA).

Cardano operates using a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism for discovering new blocks and adding transaction data to the blockchain, called “Ouroboros.” This PoS system involves ADA holders staking their coins in pools operated by other participants or becoming operators of stake pools themselves.The blockchain is divided into two separate layers (settlement and computational) to fulfill different tasks and improve overall efficiency.

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Cardano Website

CoinDesk

Anvil is an Ethereum-based decentralized collateral-management protocol that enables the creation of fully secured, verifiable credit through programmable smart contracts. It provides an open, composable infrastructure where users and institutions can issue, reserve, and manage digital collateral for payments, lending, and asset-backed guarantees, using on-chain letters of credit (LOCs) backed by collateral such as WETH or USDT. The protocol is developed by the Acronym Foundation. ANVL is the governance and utility token of the ecosystem.

The ANVL token / protocol (v1) has a recorded launch date of June 3, 2024.

Anvil's operation is based on core on-chain contract systems, including a CollateralVault that holds user deposits and keeps collateral segregated, verifiable, and auditable. Users lock collateral to issue on-chain letters of credit (LOCs) that act as proof of guaranteed value between counterparties, providing payment assurance without intermediaries and reducing counterparty risk. ANVL is an ERC-20 token used for protocol governance — voting on collateral parameters, asset listings, and system upgrades — and is staked to help secure the protocol's operational framework and keep collateral models aligned with market conditions.

Whitepaper

Anvil Website

CoinDesk

Yuga Labs is the original developer of Bored Ape Yacht Club. The ApeCoin Foundation who officially launched ApeCoin is governed by a board that “administer[s] DAO proposals and serve[s] the vision of the community.” The ApeCoin DAO, is a separate organizational unit governed entirely by token holders.

ApeCoin (APE) were airdropped to BAYC, Mutant Ape Yacht Club (MAYC) and Bored Ape Kennel Club (BAKC) NFT holders directly into their Ethereum wallets on March 16, 2022.

ApeCoin is a fungible governance token built on the Ethereum blockchain and offers membership to the ApeCoin DAO. It is also a utility token within the Yuga Lab ecosystem and other web3 decentralized applications and games. For example, holders of ApeCoin can also use the token to buy assets within the ApeCoin metaverse, such as virtual land in Yuga Labs’ NFT world, Otherside.

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ApeCoin Website

CoinDesk

Aptos was created by Mo Shaikh and Avery Ching who previously worked together on the Meta Diem blockchain project. Shaikh and Ching created Aptos Labs when the project was discontinued.

On Oct. 18, 2022, Aptos announced the mainnet launch, while the Aptos genesis occurred on Oct. 12, 2022.

Aptos employs the Move programming language, which claims to allow for faster and more secure transactions, providing additional protection for smart contracts against potential bad actors. Aptos uses two consensus protocols – Proof-of-Stake (PoS) and AptosBFT (Aptos Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant). AptosBFT is a custom-made consensus algorithm based on the HotStuff protocol. In the PoS model, network participants may stake their APT tokens into a validator, thus earning rewards for helping to process transactions, mint new blocks, and bolster the network.

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Aptos Foundation

CoinDesk

AUSD was introduced by Agora, a blockchain-based financial technology. The development and strategic direction of AUSD are led by Agora’s CEO, Nick van Eck, who has positioned the stablecoin as a response to the perceived shortcomings of yield-bearing stablecoins.AUSD is part of what Agora refers to as “Stablecoin 3.0,” aiming to address the limitations of earlier stablecoin models by providing enhanced security, reduced gas fees, and broader adoption potential. It is backed by a combination of cash, U.S. Treasury bills, and reverse repurchase agreements, managed by the asset management firm VanEck.

AUSD launched on July 7, 2024.

AUSD is designed to be used across different blockchain platforms for transactions, lending, and more. AUSD is particularly cost-efficient for transactions due to its gas-optimized smart contract, which reduces the fees typically associated with blockchain transactions. This efficiency makes AUSD an attractive option for traders and businesses looking to minimize costs while maximizing transaction speed and reliability.

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Agora Finance

CoinDesk

The initial concept of Avalanche was first presented on the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) in May 2018 by an anonymous group of enthusiasts. By March 2020, the AVA codebase, which applies the Avalanche consensus protocol, was made open-source. Avalanche was launched in September 2020 by Emin Gun Sirer of Cornell University who is also the CEO of Ava Labs, the company behind the network.

The initial sale of AVAX tokens began in February 2019 through a seed sale which was followed by a private sale in May 2020, and later, an ICO on July 15th 2020. The company launched its mainnet in September 2020.

Avalanche uses several blockchains and uses a Proof-of-Stake model to  achieve a range of efficiency measures, including transactional capacity and security by using what it calls a ‘family’ of consensus protocols, collectively named Snow. Users stake AVAX to validate transactions on the Avalanche blockchain, but they aren’t rewarded with AVAX for doing so; instead, AVAX is burned, reducing the supply of the token and tending to support the value of the tokens the users already own.

Whitepaper

AVAX Website

CoinDesk

Bitcoin Cash was born out of disagreements between the Bitcoin community over its ability to scale. When Satoshi Nakamoto developed the Bitcoin network, he limited Bitcoin’s block size to 1 megabyte to prevent people from spamming the network. In doing so, however, Nakamoto limited Bitcoin’s ability to scale. To solve the scaling issue, developer Pieter Wiulle proposed a solution known as segregated witness (SegWit). In short, SegWit is a process that increases the capacity of bitcoin blocks without changing their size limit by altering how the transaction data is stored. Members had differing views as to SegWit’s impact. Amid this back and forth, bitcoin developer Amaury Séchet decided to leave and create Bitcoin Cash along with American investor Roger Ver, Australian computer scientist Craig Wright, crypto mining company Bitmain and others.

BCH was officially launched in August 2017 and was distributed to bitcoin holders at a ratio of 1:1, meaning each bitcoin holder was entitled to receive one BCH token for each bitcoin held.

Bitcoin Cash users send and receive BCH on the blockchain by inputting the public-key information attached to each person’s digital wallet. BCH uses the proof-of-work consensus, in which miners compete against each other using specialized computer equipment to be the first to discover new blocks. One of the things that makes Bitcoin Cash different from Bitcoin is its “difficulty adjustment” for block mining. In order to ensure that blocks are being mined consistently, the Bitcoin software adjusts the difficulty factor of mining for every 2,016 blocks mined.

Whitepaper

Bitcoin Cash Website

CoinDesk

BLSH is Bullish's ordinary shares held as tokens on the Solana blockchain, administered by Equiniti, the SEC-registered transfer agent Bullish is acquiring. They are real, SEC-registered shares — not wrappers, derivatives, or SPV interests — carrying the same legal and economic rights as shares held through a traditional brokerage.

BLSH stock was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on August 13, 2025. The tokenized version of BLSH was subsequently launched on May 5, 2026.

Bullish ordinary shares are issued as tokens on Solana through Equiniti, its SEC-registered transfer agent. Shareholders withdraw tokens to a compliance-whitelisted wallet via Equiniti's Shareholder Central portal, and transfers are permitted only between whitelisted registered shareholders. See the Tokenized $BLSH Shares page for full details.

No whitepaper; SEC Filings

Bullish Investor Relations

Tokenized $BLSH Shares — Bullish Investor Relations

1. Nature of the Conflict

Bullish (GI) Markets Limited ("BGIM") operates the Bullish Exchange and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bullish (Incorporated in Cayman Islands), the issuer of BLSH shares. BGIM has admitted BLSH tokenized shares to trading on the Bullish Exchange as a secondary market to the primary NYSE listing.

This creates a structural conflict: BGIM exercises discretion over admission, suspension, and market parameters in respect of an instrument issued by its own parent. Because the Bullish Exchange is a secondary market, BGIM’s operational decisions can also affect the NYSE-listed price of BLSH through arbitrage. In addition, members of the BGIM Listing Committee may hold BLSH shares or options as part of their Group compensation.

2. How the Conflict is Managed

Non-discretionary rules. Admission, suspension, and removal criteria are set out in the Bullish Exchange Rulebook and apply uniformly to all instruments, including BLSH.

Independent surveillance. BLSH trading is subject to cross-market surveillance with escalation independent of BGIM commercial management.

Regulatory transparency. BGIM has disclosed its ownership structure and significant-influence interests to the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission (GFSC) pursuant to Regulation 20(6) of the Financial Services (Investment Services) Regulations 2020. This information is publicly available on the Bullish website.

3. Regulatory Basis and Contact

This disclosure is made pursuant to Regulation 56 of the Financial Services (Investment Services) Regulations 2020 (Gibraltar), transposing Article 23 of MiFID II. It is a durable medium document and is available on the Bullish website.

Questions?

Contact our Head of Compliance: compliance@bullish.com

BONK was created by Dexlab, a decentralized exchange (DEX), minting lab, and launchpad. The initial funding and support for BONK came from the web3 payments API, Helio, and the Famous Fox Federation, which contributed significantly to the airdrop and other initiatives.

BONK launched on December 25, 2022 and trading began on December 30, 2022. 50% of the total supply of the cryptocurrency was airdropped to the Solana community.

BONK emphasizes decentralization and community ownership, focusing on NFT and DeFi communities within Solana. BONK has integrations across multiple blockchain chains, enhancing its utility in DeFi and gaming sectors, and is increasingly adopted as an in-game currency. The ongoing expansion and diversification of the ecosystem are structured around enhancing its multi-chain accessibility, simplifying DeFi experiences for holders, and growing its presence in blockchain gaming.

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BONK Website

CoinDesk

Pseudonymous founder Satoshi Nakamoto devised Bitcoin as a decentralized, peer-to-peer network, able to facilitate financial transactions without a central authority like a government or bank. In doing so, Satoshi solved a key issue, the double-spending problem, by creating a proof-of-work consensus mechanism within a blockchain structure. Bitcoin's network was activated in January 2009 when Satoshi mined the first block, or the "genesis block” and 50 BTC entered circulation at a price of $0.00. Fifty bitcoin continued to enter circulation every block (created once every 10 minutes) until the first halving event took place in November 2012. Halvings which are programmed into Bitcoin’s code by Satoshi involve automatically halving the number of new BTC entering circulation every 210,000 blocks.Bitcoin has a fixed supply of 21 million and no more bitcoin can be created and units of bitcoin cannot be destroyed. Each bitcoin is made up of 100 million satoshis (the smallest units of bitcoin), making individual bitcoin divisible up to eight decimal places. That means anyone can purchase a fraction of a bitcoin with as little as one U.S. dollar.

In 2006 development began by an anonymous computer programmer or group of programmers under the pseudonym “Satoshi Nakamoto." Satoshi subsequently published a whitepaper outlining the network’s framework and operation in 2008 titled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.” In January 2009, the Bitcoin network launched its 0.1 release.

ScalabilityThe Bitcoin network is a peer-to-peer electronic payment system that uses a bitcoin cryptocurrency to transfer value over the internet or act as a store of value like gold and silver. Everything is done publicly through a transparent, immutable, distributed ledger technology also known as a blockchain without any intermediaries. Holders who store their own bitcoin have complete control over it. It cannot be accessed without the holder’s cryptographic key. GovernanceThe Bitcoin blockchain utilizes a proof-of-work (PoW) based consensus mechanism. Every single bitcoin transaction that takes place has to be permanently committed to the Bitcoin blockchain ledger through a process called “mining.” Miners compete using specialized computer equipment known as application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chips. Hash power is the computational power used to validate network processes such as the difficult math problems which need to be solved to unlock the next block in the chain. In order to incentivize the miners to do so, a fee is attached to each transaction and that fee is awarded to whichever miner adds the transaction to a new block. Miners can form pools in order to win the right to mine the next transaction block. When a group of miners wins, each participant receives a share of the block rewards equivalent to the hash power their miner provided to the mining pool. Fees work on a first-price auction system, where the higher the fee attached to the transaction, the more likely a miner will process that transaction first. CommunityThe Bitcoin blockchain and the http://bitcoin.org website are supported by open-source developers from around the world contributing at will. The Bitcoin Foundation facilitates community activations and events engaging software engineers and Bitcoin enthusiasts to develop and innovate on the Bitcoin platform.

Whitepaper

Bitcoin Foundation Website

Bitcoin.org

CoinDesk

BitTorrent was initially released in 2001 by developers Bram Cohen and David Harrison. The BitTorrent Foundation was later acquired by the Tron Foundation, led by Justin Sun, in 2018. Following this acquisition, the BTT token was introduced to the public by the BitTorrent team in 2019 through an ICO​​.

BTT was released in February 2019.

BTT serves as a methodological framework for trading computing resources among BitTorrent clients and a liquid market of service requesters and suppliers. In the BitTorrent ecosystem, BTT is the unit used to denominate transactions for the supply of services. The token is divisible, allowing for more precise pricing​​.One of the unique features of BTT is BitTorrent Speed, which allows peers to incentivize each other with BTT to continue seeding files after the complete download, thus enhancing swarm lifetime and download speeds for all swarm participants. Additionally, BTT incentives are available to BitTorrent client implementers, third-party software developers, and online publishers, aiming to increase the variety of participants within the network.

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BItTorrent Website

CoinDesk

Canton Coin was developed by Digital Asset Holdings, LLC, a US-based technology company responsible for the development of the Daml smart contract language. The protocol is governed by the Canton Foundation, a non-profit entity supporting open development, infrastructure access, and ecosystem growth.

CC was launched on July 25, 2024

Canton Coin acts as a payment mechanism for accessing services within public network infrastructure, primarily the Global Synchronizer. Services such as bandwidth, messaging, and data throughput are priced in USD-equivalent terms but paid in CC. Canton Coin operates under a burn-mint equilibrium model: CC is burned when used to pay for services (pegged to a USD fee schedule) and minted to validators and apps based on the USD-denominated value delivered. A dynamic on-chain exchange rate between CC and USD is maintained by Super Validator oracles. The network targets approximately 2.5 billion CC burned and minted per year, balancing supply and utility over time. Canton Coin is optional for private or closed networks, allowing flexibility in regulatory or enterprise environments.

Whitepaper

Canton Website

CoinDesk

Founded in 2018 by Alexandre Dreyfus with the purpose of connecting sports fans with their favorite teams, Chiliz aims to build a platform where fans get a direct vote in their favorite sports organizations, connect, and help fund new sports and esports entities.

In Q2 2018, after distribution to early contributors, CHZ was publicly listed on major cryptocurrency exchanges. Chiliz' token generation was executed via private placement only and completed in 2018 with its hard cap reached. 2019, Socios launched its platform with a major partnership with Italian soccer team Juventus, letting fans buy JUV tokens in exchange for CHZ.

Chiliz hosts every team, league, game title or other organization who connects with the platform, together with each organization’s crowd voting mechanisms run as a semi-autonomous organization on this blockchain. When fans enter the http://Socios.com platform, acquire Chiliz tokens and then use them to exercise their voting rights, they become part of the crowd-managed decision engine for whichever organization they’ve chosen to support. The in-app experience also allows for organizations to activate their offline fanbases with merchandise, giveaways, and exclusive experiences within the Chiliz ecosystem.

Whitepaper

Chiliz Website

CoinDesk

Concrete is a full-stack institutional operating system for on-chain finance, offering curated, yield-bearing ERC-4626 vaults that automatically route deposits across DeFi strategies. CT is its native governance token — an ERC-20 on Ethereum with a fixed 1 billion supply, issued by Concrete Network, Ltd. under the Concrete Foundation.

CT held its Token Generation Event on September 30, 2026.

Users deposit a single asset into a vault and receive share tokens; yield accrues automatically via share-price appreciation as an Allocator moves capital across strategies. Holders who lock or stake CT govern protocol parameters such as strategy approvals, fees, and treasury policy. CT confers no ownership, equity, or profit-sharing rights.

Concrete Docs

Concrete Website

CoinDesk

http://Curve.Fi was inspired by tech entrepreneur and software engineer Michael Egorov’s 2019 whitepaper detailing a desire for “steadier interest returns without having to hold a very volatile asset.”

http://Curve.Fi went live in February 2020 with CRV subsequently launching in August 2020.

http://Curve.Fi works similar to other AMMs but favors stablecoins as it aims to mitigate volatility. http://Curve.Fi is run by a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) and CRV can be used to vote on changes to the DAO.

Whitepaper

Curve Finance Website

CoinDesk

“Doge", was first conceived in February 2010 when blogger Atsuko Sato posted a picture of her dog, a Shiba Inu named Kabosu. The project was introduced on Twitter by Jackson Palmer on November 27, 2013 when he tweeted about "investing" on “Dogecoin”, a made-up name. Billy Markus joined Palmer to build the protocol. They thought Dogecoin would make the cryptocurrency space more palatable to newcomers.

Dogecoin was launched on December 6, 2013. Unlike the case with many other cryptocurrencies, the founders of dogecoin didn’t launch a public sale or “premine” coins prior to the token’s launch.

Dogecoin is based on the structure of an existing project, Luckycoin, which itself is a code base fork of Litecoin. Dogecoin uses a scrypt hash function for its proof-of-work consensus mechanism. The scrypt algorithm was specifically designed to make it costly to perform large-scale, custom-hardware attacks. Dogecoin DOGE tokens are produced by mining blocks, which rewards miners a randomized quantity of coins.

Whitepaper

Dogecoin Website

CoinDesk

Polkadot was founded in 2016 by Gavin Wood (who also co-founded Ethereum), Peter Czaban and Robert Habermeier. The blockchain infrastructure company behind Polkadot is Parity Technologies.

Launched in October 2017, Polkadot released 10 million dot tokens into circulation via an initial coin offering.

At the center of Polkadot sits the “relay chain,” a central blockchain that connects all other participating blockchains together. The relay chain processes all transactions taking place in the ecosystem at the same time, with the goal of improving scalability. User-created blockchains that hook into the relay chain are known as “parachains.” By allowing blockchains to communicate with its platform, Polkadot is able to connect many blockchains in a way that wasn’t possible before.Polkadot relies on Nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS), a method of validating crypto transactions based on how many coins each participant has put up as collateral.

Whitepaper

Polkadot Website

CoinDesk

EURCV was created by Societe Generale-FORGE, a subsidiary of Society Generale dedicated to crypto assets.

EURCV launched in April 2023 on the Ethereum public blockchain for Societe Generale-FORGE institutional clients. October 2023, SG-FORGE announced an updated EURCV smart contract designed to “improve resiliency” and make transfers faster, notably allowing free transfers between whitelisted investors.

EURCV is a token issued on the Ethereum blockchain network. As a fiat-backed stablecoin, SG-FORGE ensures that all EURCV tokens are backed 1:1 by bank cash deposits or high-quality securities. The collateral assets are kept separate from SG-FORGE's general assets on both an accounting and legal basis, managed by a well-known fiduciary, and are exclusively allocated to back the EURCV stablecoin. When SG-FORGE issues and sells EURCV to customers, the funds received are transferred to a third-party financial company, which holds them in an account dedicated solely to collateralizing EURCV's value. This setup guarantees users full access to the value of their tokens, even if issues arise with the EURCV token on the blockchain.

Whitepaper

Societe Generale-FORGE Website

CoinDesk

Jeremy Allaire from Circle stated: "There is clear market demand for a digital currency denominated in euros, the world's second most traded currency after the U.S. dollar. With USDC and Euro Coin (now EURC), Circle is helping to unlock a new era of fast, inexpensive, secure and interoperable value exchange worldwide."

EUROC was made available on June 30, 2022. The name “Euro Coin” and symbol “EUROC” were used in the past and are being phased out for EURC.

EURC is 100% backed by euro so that it’s always redeemable 1:1 for euro. EURC reserves are bankruptcy remote and monthly attestation reports are conducted by a Big Four accounting firm.EURC is supported by Circle Mint, an institutional 1:1 on/off-ramp service offered directly from Circle at no additional cost.

Whitepaper

Circle EURC Website

CoinDesk

First proposed in 2013 by computer programmer Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum was designed to expand the utility of cryptocurrencies by allowing developers to create their own special applications. Unlike traditional apps, these Ethereum-based decentralized applications (DApps) are self-executing thanks to the use of smart contracts. Smart contracts are code-based programs that are stored on the Ethereum blockchain and automatically carry out certain functions when predetermined conditions are met.  In November 2013, Buterin released the Ethereum white paper and a month later, Buterin asked ;Amir Chetrit to join his project. In January 2014, Buterin attended the Bitcoin Miami conference, where he met the people who would form the original Ethereum Foundation.

In August 2014 Ethereum launched ether through an initial coin offering. The Ethereum Public Blockchain was launched on July 30, 2015 in a collaborative effort led by Vitalik Buterin.

ScalabilityOn September 15, 2022, Ethereum transitioned its consensus mechanism from proof-of-work (PoW) to proof-of-stake (PoS) in an upgrade process known as "the Merge,” where validators would do work based on the quantity of ETH they possessed and what they wanted to "stake" as collateral. Under the proof-of-stake mechanism, validators must stake at least 32 ETH to participate in the block validation process and secure the Ethereum network. The more ETH a validator stakes, the higher the probability of them being chosen to propose a new block of data transactions for confirmation on the blockchain. The protocol randomly selects a validator to propose a new block, and the selected validator's proposed block is then checked by other validators. If the majority of validators agree on the validity of the new block, it is added to the blockchain. Validators are incentivized to act honestly and maintain the network's integrity because they risk losing a portion, or even all, of their staked ETH if they try to validate fraudulent transactions or otherwise act maliciously. In return for staking their ETH and participating in the validation process, validators are rewarded with additional ETH. Not everyone has the necessary amount of ETH to stake, and not everyone wants to run their own validating node due to technical requirements. For these reasons, staking pools and services have emerged, allowing users to pool their ETH together to reach the staking minimum and share in the returns.GovernanceThe reductions in block rewards aren’t programmed into Ethereum’s code like Bitcoin’s halving events are. Instead, members of the community propose changes, called “Ethereum Improvement Proposals,” or EIPs, and the rest of the community votes on whether to include the proposals in updates to Ethereum’s software code. Here is a breakdown of ether’s issuance schedule to date.UsageThe Ethereum Public Blockchain often serves as a proving ground for innovative protocols. The network allows for direct transfers between accounts via a decentralized infrastructure, where participants retain custody of their digital assets without third-party control or intervention.Ethereum token standards are the blueprints for creating tokens that are compatible with the broader Ethereum network. These include tokens that can be traded for one another (fungible) as well as tokens that are inherently unique and cannot be mutually exchanged (NFTs). Ethereum token standards were invented by Ethereum developers to help users create new digital currencies more easily, faster and cheaper than starting from scratch.While there are several different token standards known as “ERC” deployed on the ethereum network, three are commonly used: ERC-20: For creating fungible tokens that have similar properties to bitcoin and other mainstream cryptocurrencies. ERC-721: For creating non-fungible, unique tokens such as NFTs. ERC-1155: A multi-token standard used for creating fungible, non-fungible and semi-fungible tokens.

Whitepaper

Ethereum Website

Yellow Paper

CoinDesk

http://Ether.fi was founded in 2022 by Mike Silagadze and Rok Kopp to build a non-custodial ETH staking protocol for liquid staking that “allows stakers to retain control of their keys while delegating validator operations to node operators.” The http://Ether.fi Foundation team believes “decentralized, non-custodial staking is an essential and foundational good for Ethereum.”The primary use case of $ETHFI is to govern the protocol and its activities. In addition, Node Operators may stake $ETHFI as collateral against slashing risks, fundamentally securing the network.

On May 3, 2023, http://Ether.fi launched its mainnet, which included delegated staking of ETH to whitelisted validators. On November 15, 2023, eETH fully launched, allowing anyone to mint eETH for ETH at a 1:1 ratio. $ETHFI launched as the governance token to eETH and weETH holders, along with key community contributors in March 2024. The initial distribution mechanism for $ETHFI was an airdrop that occured at the token generation event (TGE).

ether.fi whitepaper

ether.fi Website

Ethereum Website

CoinDesk ether.fi Website

Ethereum Classic doesn’t have any single creator because it was born out of community conflict, though Barry Silbert, the CEO of Digital Currency Group, and Cardano creator and Ethereum co-founder Charles Hoskinson were two early driving forces behind Ethereum Classic following the initial split. Developers state that there is no “official” team attached to the project, and that its “global development community is a permissionless 'do-ocracy,' where anyone can participate.”

Ethereum Classic’s mainnet was initially released via Frontier on July 30, 2015.

Ethereum Classic is a hard fork from Ethereum. It differs from Ethereum in terms of its monetary policy, as well as in its commitment to the algorithm proof-of-work for securing its blockchain. As with Ethereum, the primary use for Ethereum Classic is executing smart contracts. ETC has adopted a deflationary monetary policy with a hard cap on the total number of ETC that will be created.

Whitepaper

Ethereum Classic Website

CoinDesk